Field Theory The attractive or repulsive force between two charges acts without any physical contact between them. So, like magnetic force or gravitational force, the electric force is also of the type of action from…

Coulomb’s law: Mathematical Explanation At a particular medium, the magnitude of the attractive or repulsive force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square…

Coulomb’s Law in terms of Point Charges We know, a charge attracts or repels another charge. The force of attraction or repulsion between two charges depends on the following three factors, viz.- (i) Amount of…

Formulation of Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy The thermal property that remains constant in the adiabatic process is called entropy. Alternately, entropy is the physical property of the body that remains constant…

The thermal property that remains constant in the adiabatic process is called entropy. Alternately, entropy is the physical property of the body that remains constant in an adiabatic process. Actually in all adiabatic compression process…

Efficiency of Carnot’s Engine The Carnot’s engine is called an ideal engine. The most efficient heat engine cycle is the Carnot cycle, consisting of two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes. The ratio of the…

Entropy is a measure of disorderliness The thermal property that remains constant in an adiabatic process is called entropy. Alternately, entropy is the physical property of the body that remains constant in the adiabatic process.…

Significance of Entropy The thermal property that remains constant in an adiabatic process is called entropy. Alternately, entropy is the physical property of the body that remains constant in an adiabatic process. Entropy is a…

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. A campfire is an example of entropy. Scientist Clausius realized while applying second law of thermodynamics that as the temperature remains constant in…

Efficiency of Engine Before discussing the efficiency of an engine we need to know what are heat engine and its working principle. The machine by which heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy is called…

Co-efficient of Performance of a refrigerator The ratio of heat removed from the refrigerator and the mechanical work done is called co-efficient of performance. It is represented by K. Now, if Q is the heat removed…

Refrigerator: Heat Engine Almost in every house, we use the refrigerator for cooling of fish, meat, drinking water, ice cream etc and for preservation purpose. That means the machine by which lower temperature than the…