Thermodynamics

In thermodynamics, work has a broader meaning. It includes mechanical work, electrical work, surface work etc. Mechanical work (w) is said to be done when…

The First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of conservation of energy. The first law may be…

Intensive and extensive thermodynamic properties Thermodynamic properties of a system may be classified into two groups: Intensive properties and Extensive properties Any property of a…

State of a thermodynamic system and state functions (variables) A thermodynamic system is considered to be in a definite state when each of the macroscopic…

Important Concepts in Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics and many quantitative relationships deduced therefrom are based on some fundamental concepts. It is imperative to understand…

Energy of a system is defined as ‘its capacity to do work’. There are various forms of energy and conversion of energy from one form…

Heat is an important form of energy. It is difficult to define heat energy by a simple statement but the feeling of hotness or coldness…

The great usefulness of thermodynamics to chemists can be summarized as follows: The laws of thermodynamics are not based on any assumption about the existence…

The Nature of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is an important discipline in physical science. It deals with the relationship between thermal energy and other forms of energy.…

The first law of thermodynamics tells us that energy can be changed from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed in…