Qualitative Chemistry

Pauling’s scale is based on an empirical relation between the energy of a bond and the electro negativities of bonded atoms. Consider a bond A-B…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a process of determining diseases by magnetic resonance, which is performed in 15 to 90 minute according to part of…

Use of UV ray in identification of counterfeit currency: i) If the note is counterfeit, the entire fill lights up brightly under the UV light.…

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic waves that compose electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a…

The electron affinity is defined as the energy transformation that occurs when an atom gains an electron, releasing energy in the procedure. So, it is…

Change of Electron Affinity along a Period: On moving across a period, the size of atoms decreases and nuclear charge increases. Both these factors favour…

The shape of orbital influences the ionization potential. As s-electrons remain closer to the nucleus than p-,d-, and f-electrons of the same valence shell, the ionization…

Shapes of orbital: s-orbital: For s orbital, l = 0 and m = 0. This shows that the probability of locating the electron is independent…

Change of Electron Affinity along a Group: On moving down a group, the size of atom increases significantly and hence, the effective nuclear attraction for the…

Successive Electron Affinities: Electron affinity is the affinity of an element to an electron. As more than one electron can be introduced in an atom,…