Qualitative Chemistry

Phosphorus trioxide (P2O3 or P4O6) is obtained by the combustion of phosphorus in a limited supply of air. 4P + 3O2 → 2P2O3 Physical properties It…

Line spectrum is created by transferring excited electron from one energy level to another. Where atom of every molecule has individual electronic configuration and electron…

Limitation of Bohr’s model: Bohr’s model of an atom could not explain the line spectra of atoms containing more than one electron called multi-electron atoms.…

Phosphorus pentachloride is a pale greenish-yellow solid with the formula PCl5. It can be prepared by the action of dry chlorine on phosphorus trichloride. As…

Phosphorus trichloride is a compound of phosphorus and halogen chlorine. Preparation: Phosphorus Trichloride (PCl3) is prepared by heating white phosphorus in a current of dry…

Physical properties of Lead Lead is a bluish grey metal with a bright luster. It is soft and can be cut with a knife and…

Purification of Lead: Lead extracted by the above method contains impurities such as silver, copper, tin, bismuth, gold and iron. It is refined by the…

Aufbau principle: Electrons first enter into lower energy orbital and subsequent electron enters into higher energy orbital gradually. Because lower energy orbital is more suitable…

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have same values for all the four quantum numbers. Pauli’s exclusion principle also states that…

Hund’s Principle: According to this rule, electron pairing will not take place in orbital of same energy (same subshell) until each orbital is singly tilled.…