Conservation Law

In both circular and elliptical polarisation the electric and magnetic field vectors rotate with angular frequency w. In circular polarisation E0,y = E0,x ≡ E0…

In linear polarisation the two phase constants are equal, by ϐy = ϐx ≡ ϐ, and so Re {R (r, t) = (x E0,x +…

In this section linear, circular and elliptical polarisations will be described in terms of the electric field of a monochromatic plane wave propagating in the…

The monochromatic plane wave solutions are an idealisation because they are of infinite extent in all directions and are pure sinusoidal waves, i.e. the spread…

Since for an EM wave B = √(μƐ) E, the electric and magnetic contributions to energy density are equal, (Ɛ E2)/2 = B2/2μ and so…

Starting with Maxwell’s equations, we shall shortly derive the wave equations for the electric and magnetic fields and show that they predict the existence of…

Unless the line is terminated with the characteristic impedance there will also be reflected waves traveling in the -x direction, and the wave amplitude will…

We will only discuss lossless transmission lines, i.e. where there is no resistance present between or along the conductors. Then the equivalent circuit of infinitesimal…

Transmission lines are electrical cables which consist of two parallel conductors of uniform cross section, usually separated by a dielectric, and which are designed to…

One can derive the equation describing conservation of momentum from the force on a particle of charge q, as given by Lorentz force equation F…