Common Ion Effect

Common Ion Effect

Common Ion Effect The dissociation of an electrolyte may be depressed by adding another electrolyte having an ion (cation or anion) in common with the…
pH of Solutions of Very Weak Bases

pH of Solutions of Very Weak Bases

pH of solutions of very weak bases Unlike strong acids/bases, weak acids and weak bases do not completely dissociate (separate into ions) at equilibrium in…
Dissociation of weak acids and weak bases: Ostwald’s Dilution Law

Dissociation of weak acids and weak bases: Ostwald’s Dilution Law

Dissociation of weak acids and weak bases: Ostwald’s Dilution Law Weak electrolytes are incompletely dissociated into ions. Ostwald’s dilution law is the application of the…
pH of Solutions of very Weak Acids

pH of Solutions of very Weak Acids

pH of solutions of very weak acids If the acid is very weak then the extent of dissociation will be very small and for all…
Glass Electrode for pH Measurement

Glass Electrode for pH Measurement

The glass electrode for pH Measurement Glass electrode has become the most useful and convenient electrode in determining the pH of solutions, particularly with the…
Measurement of pH

Measurement of pH

Measurement of pH pH measurement is used in an extensive diversity of applications: agriculture, wastewater treatment, industrial procedures, environmental monitoring, and in research and development.…
Hydrogen Ion Concentration- the pH Scale

Hydrogen Ion Concentration- the pH Scale

Hydrogen ion concentration- The pH Scale An accurate knowledge of the hydrogen ion concentration and its control is of utmost importance in many chemicals, analytical,…
Self-Ionization (or autoionization) of Water

Self-Ionization (or autoionization) of Water

Self-Ionization (or autoionization) of Water Water is known to be a non-electrolyte (non-conductor of electricity), although precise measurements indicate that water is a weak conductor…
Lewis Concept

Lewis Concept

Lewis Concept The Bronsted-Lowry theory is actually a special case of a more general theory of acids and bases as proposed by G. N. Lewis…
Acids and Bases: Bronsted-Lowry Concept

Acids and Bases: Bronsted-Lowry Concept

Acids and Bases: Bronsted-Lowry Concept In 1923, J. N. Bronsted and J. M. Bjerrum in Denmark and T. M. Lowry in England independently proposed a…
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