Physics

Energy of an Orbiting Satellite

A satellite revolving in a circular orbit round the Earth possesses both potential energy and kinetic energy. If h is the height of the satellite above the Earth’s surface and R is the radius of the Earth, then the radius of the orbit of satellite is r = R + h.

If m is the mass of the satellite, its potential energy is,

EP = -GMm/r = -GMm/(R+h)

Where M is the mass of the earth. The satellite moves with an orbital velocity of, v0 = √GM/(R+h)

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The total energy of the satellite is, E = EP + EK

E = – GMm/2(R+h)

The negative value of the total energy indicates that the satellite is bound to the Earth.